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Mapping Civilization: An Attempt to Understand How Knowledge and Meaning Shape Each Other
This essay is an attempt to describe civilization as a living system that learns through reflection. It begins in abstraction, branches into two movements — one building knowledge and the other building meaning — and loops back when reflection reshapes both. It is not a conclusion but a working map toward truth and coherence.
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The Jungian Transition: From Faith to the Cult of the Self
The modern obsession with self-expression and therapy didn’t emerge by accident. It’s the endpoint of a 2,000-year intellectual journey—from ancient faith through Protestant guilt, Kant’s subjectivity, Hegel’s spirit, Marx’s history, and finally Freud’s psyche. The result? The cult of the self that now rules our digital age.
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Marx, Modernity, and the Machinery of Meaning
An assessment of Marx as a philosopher of alienation rather than revolution—tracing how capitalism, communism, and AI all emerge from the same faith in material mastery, and arguing for a new balance between technological power and moral purpose.